Nanocompozite cu matrice poliuretanică pentru acoperiri podele instituţii publice, clădiri civile şi industriale, cu proprietăţi antialunecare, antiuzură şl antifoc [Articol]

Abstract

A nanocomposite is a solid and multiphase material, containing a dispersed phase with one or all three dimensions of its particles shorter or equal with 10*m. The polymeric nanocomposite is definable as a material with polymeric matrix In which is dispersed a nanofiller with the max.l00xlO9m particle dimension. Mechanic, electric, thermal nanocomposites properties are fundamentally différent than their components. The reinforcing materials can be strips - ex. aluminosilicates phillosilicates order appertain or fibres - ex carbon nanotubes fibers. Polyurethanes are Included in reaction polymers products and they are obtained by a polyadition reaction between a polyol - hydroxyl (-0H) containing groups component - and a diisocyanate - isocyanate (-N - C - 0) containing groups component in the presence of a catalyst and other components. The nanocomponent is the elemenent of the recipe who allow the polyatomic chains of the macromolecule building between their layers as the result of the polyadition. The nanocomponent is represented by a layer aluminosilicate appertaining order - philosilicates - and with the typonym montmorillonite. Montmorillonite material has a stratified molecular structure who allow the selfsynthesis of the polyurethane macrochains between their atomic layers as the result of the polyadition reaction, and at the end of the macromolecular synthesis is completely Included in the Internal structure of the polyurethane matrix. Existence of the -OH groups in the molecular structure of the montmorillonit lead to chemical links achievement between the polyurethane matrix ant the nanofiller. The polyurethane nanocomposite matrix is obtained as the result of a polyadition reaction between a polyetherpolyol 3 PETOL 36 3 BO type (glicerine starting) modified with montmorillonite 6 % - gravimetric parts and 4,4’ diisocyanatediphenilmethane MDI with equivalent isocyanate reactance groups. Further tryings that the nanocomposite polyurethane matrix was supposed, approve an semnificative Improving especially of the thermal properties of It.